goldschmidt



July 3,1928. 1,675,800

R. GOLDSCHMIDT IECHANISI FOR IEASURING THE FREQUENCY OF THE PULSE FiledSept. 8, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INYEN 7'0? July 3,1928. {1,675,860R.'GOLDSCHMIDT I MECHANISM FOR MEASURING THE FREQUENCY OF THE PULSEFiled Sept. 8, 1926 5 Sheets-She 3 FIG.8

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' R. GOLDSCHMIDT IBCHANISI FOR IEASURING THE FREQUENCY OF THE PULSEFiled Sept. 8, 1926. 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 V 2 1 d l Y J, I

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IJVVIA/TOR Patented July 3, 1928.

PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLF GOLDSCHMIDT, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, BERLIN, GERMANY.

MECHANISM FOR MEASURING THE FREQUENCY OFTHE PULSE.

Application filed September 8, 1926, Serial 110.134304, and in GermanyJuly 29, 1926 This invention relates to mechanism for measuring lowfrequencies, especially the frequency of the pulse, referring moreparticularly to improvements of the mechanism as specified in my patentapplication No. 79,880. V

In that patent application a mechanism has been described consistingessentially of iron pendulums suspended in the field of anelectro-magnet, these pendulums being brought into motion by making andbreaking the exciting current of said electro-mag net by means of theaction of the pulse. The pendulums being tuned to different frequencies,the one which is in resonance withthe pulse, will oscillate more thanthe others.

In consequence of. the large amount of damping required in thesependulums, the tuning cannot be very sharp and the neighboring pendulumswill also oscillate; to a considerable degree. As pointed out in abovenamed patent application this circumstance would make it very diflicultto take 1 an exact reading of the pulse except for the change of phaseby about 180degrees at the point of resonance.

According to the present invention the electro-magnetic field is givensuch a form that the pendulums tuned to the frequency above theresonance point stand still or Vibrate slightly only, while the pendulums below this point are in oscillation. By these meansnot only amore exact reading of the instrument is possible, but the readings canalso be registered automatically.

According to this invention the registering is done by placing oppositetoeach pendulum contacts at such a distance that only the pendulums inthe most violent statejof oscillation reach their contacts, mostparticularly the pendulum in resonance with the pulse. Through themaking of this contact a circuit containing an electric battery or othersource of electricity is closed and the ensuing electric current is usedto draw by electro-chemical or mechanical means a line on a ribbon ofpaper or similar material. The frequency of the pulse and itsfluctuations can be read from these lines.

Another object of this invention is to improve the make and breakarrangement attachable to the wrist, a more primitive form of which hasbeen described inmy patent application No. 79,880.

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference ishereinafter made to the accompanying drawings whereon Fig. 1 isa-diagrammatic view of the arrangement which shows one of the 24pendulums usedin the apparatus and the electric circuit which is closedby the pendulum touching a contact placed opposite to it.

Figs. 2 and 3 are drawings of the particular shape of poleshoes'as usedin the electromagnet for actuating the pendulums.-

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the intensity of the magnetic field of theelectro-magnet.

Fig. 5 is a curve showing the amount of deflection during theoscillation of the different pendulums when actuated by the frequency ofthe pulse this curve having a shape which is attained according to theknown art.

Fig. 6 is the corresponding curve according to the newv art as used inthis invention.

Figs. 7 8 and 9 are sections and views of the complete apparatus.

Fig. 10 is'a diagram of pulse lines as ob tained by such instrumentyFigs. 11, 12, 13, and 14 are views of the make and break arrangement asactuated by the pulse and attached to the wrist by means of a wristband.

Fig.15 is a View of a similar apparatus attached to the wrist by meansof a screw arrangement which allows careful adjustment.

In the schematical drawing Fig. 1: W is the iron-core of theelectro-magnet with the pole-shoes L and Q, and the 'coil S. This coilreceives its exciting current from the battery E. The interruption ofthe electric circuit through the pulse is done by means of a contact Fof the kind as alreadydescribed in my patent application No. 79,880,v

and again dealt with below. The pendulum: G are suspended round the edgeof the poleshoe L. V

The two pole-shoes L and Q, have a special shape. The circumference of Lhas spiral form as shown in Fig. 2 so that the distance of the pendulumsG from the edge of this pole changes, preferably so that the penduw enea at f number 9,1" the 1" By such shape of the pole-shoes by properdimension of the" distance "ofthe pendulums from the pole-shoes, fromthe coil S and from" thema gnet core YV' the teselt as hie etl. t at t eeemlhhius m re in y esymetrlc mesh tie fiehh. he magneti newer atthetioh fieqreas teenlyi wh n the P9 .1 swing the ireh i n, i t a dt. th aet, The'curve 4; gives the fi ld J a len hdeh the de e ti n it t e tactth ther is e epine aw y 180 eh i h n hthi me ve and he ew t hh ne point,t e deities at he QX i ih ;h 'ent tak v P a when. h pe thlh mi he hn tre n n Point areihthe t e h. the str ng field h at theme a; T le the.pendu u a o the al e Qht ih. th i i pulse neahfiehl c m a a y e e ecmaeh t-l Geesehihs b low th i ane A s Z P 3 Q g lel1 l e he a arger essialee 1 V Drawing a curve for the amount of det e-chine oi the liitetehtpee elhm's h e iated wit t eq iy 80;. d penden 01. v h t lama th ha edese nated by small circl e Fig.4 6 is obtained, th p hhlehteab low t. e.i'es nan e Point R being most e'sij Ferjt e. sa e t ema ee Fig? hes-h eld a a e symme al. zes ah e serve a nr hhmed f t e fi l e ie h n t. hesteep. term as s w in Fig.4;

T is new 9 r sonance p n me eaebl th icxact tee hh t. he st e Wel Eli/12 .11% teg stm' ee-l hefn l r h L and Q need naturally nothave theexacts ep of 2; and, 3,; t senly e en a steep fi l d curve 4g) isobtained. Instead at t p haee d pla eheht degrees in the mom ta eW Y thesi of] tren in means] mak penglulums, ch are nstrong motion draw lineon;a i ibbon' of or textile, whilst etts lmslit ax I il Q ly ment th hi sQt reta l-s ndman edi ekithe pe dulhmfemay QIFEW a h, lieesd liect ynthe ri on or' a contact niay be closed, by which .i th t Sh p Qt' p w Qi m g t er. ills ehseftahe t e shape of fd sewithi ol s,

Th hi thedto r gisteri the'pu s an electric circuit is made and thecurrent used for actuating an electro-magnet, the latter drawing thelines on the paper by means of ink, or the current may be used directlyfor drawing these lines by electrochemical effect, or for burning thelines into the paper.

A cons ruction the elec wmethod is used, is shown, schematically in Fig,'1, and more explicitly in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. these figures: G is one ofthe pendulums. Opposite to each pendulum G is suspended on the pivot 11,a small lever 'llhe, centre of gravity of these levers is on one side ofthe pivots 11, sothat they stand under a turning momentumtending to,make them ap )roach the. penduhuns U" and are only prevented: from suchmovement byabutinents 12, Abutment 12, in the example shown as a screw,is adjustable and serves to, regulate the distance 13 between thependuhun G and the end of the. lever soon as the oscillation of apendulum Gr has grown sufficiently large, it touclu-s the lever '11. 'Atthe points of contactplti, the parts are covered with platinum.

Tlie. contact need not take place between G and 10 directly. beinsulated from the suspension pivot ll. W'ith this arrangement as'soon.as a pendul'ur'n Grp ushesthe corresponding lever; 10. the latter islifted from" the abutment 1.2 by

which action a circuit may be intetrupted therefore also the, number ofthe Contact levers 10 is preferably 24, each peiulu-lum being used formeasuring more than one frequency correspondingto the following stepsof; pulse frequencies The abutment 12 may Tuned toi Responds 1 realso toPendulum number.

' queucy. ffcquency.

50 and 52 and 62:1ndl1l fi 128 (341111014224,

' and M (l8 and 'TOnnd 403;} 72 and M ami 49% 7G and 50% 781ml 52 S0 and53% 82 and 5423 S4 and 50 8G and 57% S8 mul583 9 0 and (50 92 and'fillfiU4 and ($23 J0 and 6-1 If for instance the pulse frequency is ig, thenthe pendulums N1. 16, N21. 11", down to about Nr. 13 will reach theircorlit) rollers are relieved from pressure. roller 18 partly surrounded bya stationary guide 52 for the paper, which is useful when the latterresponding levers 10, whilethis is not so with the pendulum Nr. 17 andabove. By means of a variable resistance (14 in Figs. 79) the excitationof the coil S can be regulated and consequently also the number of theactive pendulums tracing lines 011 the paper. i

The abutments 12 or the suspensions 11 "are connected with twenty-foursprings (16) by means of the leads 15. These springs 16 carry at theirends round discs (17) in pivots and press these discs 17 against-a broadroller 18, -which reaches over all twentyfour discs, which are'theelectrodes. The roller 18 as well as the discs'17are preferably flutedon their circumference, the fluting or knurling' of the discs 17 beingdeeper than that of the'roller 18.

19 is a second roller, cooperating with 18 for the paper transport.These two rollers are pressed one against the other the springs 16 whichnecessitates that the bearin'gs of .18 have amply play. In order to makethe introduction of the paper ribbon easy the springs 16 togetherwiththe discs 17 can be pressed downward by means of alever 20 and theexcentric 21, so that tile T ie is inserted between the rollers; V Theroller 18 is driven by clockwork or a little motor 22, on account-of theslow speed of the roller by means of a double worm gear 23, the papermoving with a speed of about 8 inches per minute. The fan serves to keepthe speed of the motor and consequently of the paper constant withinpractical limits. i

The paper ribbon 24 is dipped in a tank 28 filled with liquid(salt-water), by means .of the rollers 26 and 27, so that it passes tank28. To keep the frame 30 in the upper position for inspection orinserting paper,

. buttons 31 fixed on frame 30, are made to rest in grooves 32 ofsupports attached to tank 28. 33 is a weight pressing upon the roll ofpaper 29 and acting as brake. The

' knife edges 3% squeeze superfluous moisture alizarine, or a similarchemical dye. .35 in Figs; 1 and 7 is a push plug connected to a sourceof electricity which, as soon as one 2 of the pendulums G comes intocontact with the corresponding lever 10, sends a current the energy ofthe pulse.

via this contact, suspension 11, lead 15, through one of the springs 16,electrode disc 17 and through the moist paper to the roller 18 and backover an incandescent lamp or some other electrical resistance 36, whichis connected with the second pole of 35. Consequently the discs 17 servetwo purposes:-tl1ey assist to move the paper and to lead theelectric'current through the moist paper as electrodes. The electriccurrent decomposes the salt-water in the paper so that the chemicalchanges its color where the discs touch'and consequently a line is.drawn on the paper as long as the current flows i. e. as long as thependulums oscillate sufficiently to touch the opposite contact 10.

This method can be modified by using ordinary paper not treated with anychemicals and filling the tank 28 with the chemicaldie, for instance alitmus solution, thus soaking the paper with the latter shortly beforeit is used for writing the record.

Fig. 10 is aview of the paper ribbon with the pulse record. Bearing inmind that every oscillating pendulum G, coming into contact with thecorresponding lever 10, draws a line on the paper, it is understood thatthe upper lines denote the pulse. Refer-ring to Fig. 105 the conditionsat 6-6 correspond to the diagram of amplitudes Fig. 6, for 80 cycles perminutes.

At 1 1 the frequency is 82 per minute At 2-2 the frequency is 86 perminute At 3-3 the frequency is 82 per minute At 4-4 the frequency is 78per minute At 5-5 the frequency is 76 per minute At 66 the frequency is80 per minute Figs. 11, 12 13, and 14: are drawings of the contact makeras attached to thewrist.

V is a frame consisting preferably of insulating material, fibre, hardrubber or the like and is attached to the wrist E by means of wire hooksand ribbons X. These ribbons may be rubber bands or a textile materialstrapped to the wrist or slipped over the hand. At B where the pulse ismost noticeable rests the plate f, which is pivoted on knife edges G andheld in position by the springs g. The knife edges G are attached to theframe V. pulse the plate swings up and down, this movement beingenlarged by a lever 0 fixed on f, on the out-er end of 0 a little weightw being attached as a fiy-weight for storing This weight may becounterbalanced by a weight attached to a lever on the opposite side ofG, so that the whole swinging system is pivoted and sus pended in itscentre of gravity. A second lever U is pivoted at J by a counter-weightit so that the second lever, U, is also sus' pended as near as possiblein its centre of gravity. The levero may be called the primary one. On wis attached a little window it, the upper edge of which N is insulatedUnder the pressure of the 1 these two platinum edges come into-contact.

If the primary lever moves downward, the insulated upper edge N ofthewindow 76 touches the lever U and the electric connection between 0 andU is interrupted.

In order to produce a rellable contact between the primary. andsecondary levers the movement of the latter must, notbe free but oughtto'be-dam-pedtoa certain degree. This is done by abrakmg arrangement,causing frictionin the bearings of U. The blade spring 72 carries thescrew the latter press ing in axial direction'upon the bearing 1 of thepivots J. The frictionin, the bearings of J; can be regulated. byturningthe small screw g. For the purpose, of finding the pulse by observingthe movement of the,- levers 0 and U, it is advisable to turn 9 at firstquite loose, and to tighten it afterwards in such a way. that themovement of 0 and U is damped to about half, what correspondsapproximately to the most favorable damping conditions. I

'inFig. 15-tl1e same arrangement is shown with a slightly differentwrist attachment. The latter consists here of a screw-clamp 37 in whichrests thewrist 45. The hoop 89 is adjustable relative to the screw-clamp37 by means of a'slot and screw and nut'38.

Frame l i with its lever and contact arrangements 46, 47, 48, and 49 isfixed to a double spring ik l3, and the latter is attached to the hoop39 by means of the screws 40 and ll. By screwing down 40 and 4-1 thecontact making apparatus is pressed against the wrist, the pressureexercised byjthe double spring 42-3 on the frame is orthe pulse plate46'b8lDg'flCljl1SlmblB by means of the screws 40 and 4:1. 7

Claims: I Y

1. Mechanism for measuring and recording low frequencies especially thefrequency of the pulse consisting essentially of a series of pendulumscontaining iron and suspended in the vicinity of a wire bobbin, thisbobbin being connected to the source of the low frequency current, thebobbin containing an iron core. having pole-shoes, the magnet1c 'ieldbeingarranged thus, that the pendulums tuned to'frequencies'above theresonance point-oscillate in; a smaller degree than those tuned tofrequencies below the resonance point.

2.. Mechanism for measuring and recording low frequencies especially thefrequency of the pulse consisting essentially ofa series of pendulumscontaining iron and suspended in, the vicinity of a .wire bobbin, thisbobbin being connected to the source of the low frequency current,contacts being placed opposite to .the pendulums in such a distance,that the pendulums in most violent oscillation come into touch withthese contacts.

3.) Mechanism for measuring and recorda ribbon ofv paper or similarfabric, means formoving said ribbon and means for registering on saidribbon the change, of electric. currents as changed or caused to flow bythe pendulums touching the opposite contacts. 2

Mechanism for measuring and recording low frequencies especially thefrequency of the pulse consistin essentially of a series of pendulumscontaining iron and suspended in the vicinity of a wire bobbin, thisbobbin being connected to the source of the low frequency current,contacts being placed opposite to the pendulums in such a distance thatthe pendulums in most violent oscillation come into touch with thesecontacts, a ribbon of paper or similar fabric, means for moving saidribbon, means for moistening said ribbon, means for conducting throughthe moist ribbon a current changed or caused to flow by a pendulumtouching the opposite contact, chemicals being contained in said ribbonof paper, altering its color under the influence of an electric current.

, 5.. Mechanism for measuring and recording low frequencies especiallythe frequency of the pulse consisting essentially of a series ofpendulums containing iron and suspended in-the vicinity of av wirebobbin, this bobbin being connected to. the source of the low frequencycurrent, cont-acts being placed opposite to the pendulums such adistance that the pendulums in most violent oscillation come into touchwith these contacts, a ribbon of aaper or similar fabrlc, means formoving sai ribbon, means for moistening said ribbon, electrodes forconducting through the moist ribbon a current changed or caused to Howby a. pendulum touching the opposite contact, these electrodesconsisting of pivoted discs the number of which is equal to th-esnumberof pendulums the movement of which is to'bc recorded;

. 6.. A mechanism as claimed in claim 2, the contacts opposite thependulums consisting of pivoted levers- 7. A mechanism as claimed inclaim 2, the

contacts opposite the pendulums consisting of pivoted levers, the latterbeing adjustable with regard to their distance from the pendul'ums.

8. The combination With a circuit maker and breaker adapted to beoperated by the pulse in the wrist, of ahoop supporting said maker andbreaker, means to attach said hoop to the Wrist, and means to adjustsaid maker and breaker in respect to the Wrist 10 and the hoop.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

RUD OLF GOLDSCHMIDT.

